The IELTS exam is the doorway to the most esteemed universities and colleges in the world. You can score well in this exam with IELTS exam preparation to take admission in the most reputed institutions. Let’s check out the elephant communication IELTS reading answers in this article.
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IELTS Reading Answers Part One
O’ Connell-Rodwell, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, has travelled to Namibia’s first-ever wildlife reserve to explore the mystical and complicated realm of elephant communication. She, along with her colleagues, is part of a scientific revolution that started almost 20 years ago. This revolution has made a stunning revelation: elephants are capable of communicating with each other over long distances with low-frequency sounds, also known as infrasounds, which are too deep for humans to hear.
As might be expected, African elephants’ ability to detect seismic sound may have something to do with their ears. The hammer bone in an elephant’s inner ear is proportionally huge for a mammal, but it is rather normal for animals that use vibrational signals. Thus, it may be a sign that suggests elephants can use seismic sounds to communicate.
Part Two
Other aspects of elephant anatomy also support that ability. First, their massive bodies, which enable them to give out low-frequency sounds almost as powerful as the sound a jet makes during takeoff, serve as ideal frames for receiving ground vibrations and transmitting them to the inner ear.
Second, the elephant’s toe bones are set on a fatty pad, which might be of help when focusing vibrations from the ground into the bone. Finally, the elephant has an enormous brain that sits in the cranial cavity behind the eyes in line with the auditory canal. The front of the skull is riddled with sinus cavities, which might function as resonating chambers for ground vibrations.
Part Three
It remains unclear how the elephants detect such vibrations, but O’ Connell-Rodwell raises a point that the pachyderms are ‘listening’ with their trunks and feet instead of their ears. The elephant trunk may just be the most versatile appendage in nature. Its utilization encompasses drinking, bathing, smelling, feeding, and scratching.
Both trunk and feet contain two types of nerve endings that are sensitive to pressure – one detects infrasonic vibration, and another responds to vibrations higher in frequencies. As O’ Connell-Rodwell sees, this research has a boundless and unpredictable future. ‘Our work is really interfaced with geophysics, neurophysiology, and ecology,’ she says. ‘We’re raising questions that have never even been considered before.’
Part Four
It has been well known to scientists that seismic communication is widely observed among small animals, such as spiders, scorpions, insects, and quite a lot of vertebrate species like white-lipped frogs, blind mole rats, kangaroo rats, and golden moles.
Nevertheless, O’Connell-Rodwell first argued that a giant land animal is also sending and receiving seismic signals. ‘I used to lay a male planthopper on a stem and replay the calling sound of a female, and then the male one would exhibit the same kind of behaviour that happens in elephants—he would freeze, then press down on his legs, move forward a little, then stay still again. I find it so fascinating, and it got me thinking that perhaps auditory communication is not the only thing that is going on.’
Part Five
Scientists have confirmed that an elephant’s capacity to communicate over long distances is essential for survival, especially in places like Etosha, where more than 2,400 savanna elephants range over a land bigger than New Jersey. It is already difficult for an elephant to find a mate in such a vast wild land, and the elephant’s reproductive biology only complicates it. Breeding herds also adopt low-frequency sounds to send alerts regarding predators.
Even though grown-up elephants have no enemies else than human beings, baby elephants are vulnerable and are susceptible to lions’ and hyenas’ attacks. At the sight of a predator, older ones in the herd will clump together to form protection before running away.
Part Six
We now know that elephants can respond to warning calls in the air, but can they detect signals transmitted solely through the ground? To look into that matter, the research team designed an experiment in 2002, which used electronic devices that enabled them to give out signals through the ground at Mushara. ‘The outcomes of our 2002 study revealed that elephants could indeed sense warning signals through the ground,’ O’Connell-Rodwell observes.
Last year, an experiment was set up in the hope of solving that problem. It used three different recordings—the 1994 warning call from Mushara, an anti-predator call recorded by scientist Joyce Poole in Kenya, and a made-up warble tone. ‘The data I’ve observed to this point implies that the elephants were responding the way I always expected.
However, the fascinating finding is that the anti-predator call from Kenya, which is unfamiliar to them, caused them to gather around, tense up and rumble aggressively as well—but they didn’t always flee. I didn’t expect the results to be that clear-cut.’
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Questions Related to IELTS Reading Passage
Question Number One
Following are a few statements given from the passage above. You have to check the answers from the passage and write them correctly.
#1. O’Connell-Rodwell first argued that a giant ____________ is also sending and receiving seismic signals.
Answer: land animal
#2. _____________ are vulnerable and are susceptible to lions and hyenas attack.
Answer: Baby elephants
#3. ___________ has travelled to Namibia’s first-ever wildlife reserve.
Answer: O’ Connell-Rodwell
#4. Etosha had more than 2,400 savanna elephants range over a land bigger than ______________.
Answer: New Jersey
#5. The elephant has an enormous brain that sits in the __________ behind the eyes in line with the auditory canal.
Answer: cranial cavity
Question Number Two
Look at the statements below and after reading them, write TRUE or FALSE in front of them.
TRUE – If the statement agrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
FALSE – If the statement disagrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
#1. Breeding herds also adopt low-frequency sounds to send alerts regarding predators.
Answer: TRUE
#2. Mushara was an anti-predator call recorded by scientist Joyce Poole.
Answer: TRUE
#3. O’ Connell-Rodwell was a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University
Answer: TRUE
#4. The outcomes of our 2017 study revealed that elephants could indeed sense warning signals through the ground.
Answer: FALSE
#5. Elephants are capable of communicating with each other over long distances with low-frequency sounds, also known as infrasounds.
Answer: TRUE
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Conclusion
Therefore, you must practice more on such passages for your IELTS reading answers. You can score well on your paper with practice. Visit the IELTS Ninja website for more information.
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