The IELTS exam is the dream of the aspirants who want to pursue their ambitions in their favourite country. Well, if you are a candidate for the IELTS exam and are busy doing IELTS preparation, we have an updated IELTS reading answers passage to provide you with the most crucial content for your preparation. The poverty and health IELTS reading answers are given in this article. Read the passage and try to give answers to the questions given below. Moreover, grab the details about the IELTS reading course so that you can get perfect in this section. The best IELTS Preparation course will let you practice on the right portions with expert guidance.
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Poverty and Health IELTS Reading Answers
IELTS Reading Answers Part One
Changes in concepts of health in Western society
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
Part Two
Definition of health in medical terms
For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine.
Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation, and housing.
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IELTS Reading Answers Part Three
A holistic approach to health
In the late 1940s, the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that ‘health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease’ (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/body/spirit) and not just in physical terms.
Healthy lifestyles approach to health
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individual. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase the risk of diseases, such as smoking, lack of fitness, and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted.
Creating health meant providing not only medical health care but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment, or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach.
This was large because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health largely ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.
IELTS Reading Answers Part Four
Socio-ecological view of health
During the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic, and environmental contexts in which people live.
This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. The broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa, Canada, where people from 38 countries agreed and declared that:
The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity. Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. (WHO, 1986)
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Part Five
It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviours and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. Therefore, the creation of health must include addressing issues such as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation, and poor working conditions.
The social, economic, and environmental contexts which contribute to the creation of health do not operate separately or independently of each other. Rather, they are interacting and interdependent, and it is the complex interrelationships between them that determine the conditions that promote health.
A broad socio-ecological view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include a strong social, economic and environmental focus.
IELTS Reading Answers Part Six
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:
Good health is a major resource for social, economic, and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural, and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)
The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion. It presents fundamental strategies and approaches in achieving health for all. The overall philosophy of health promotion which guides these fundamental strategies and approaches is one of ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO, 1986).
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Question Number 1
Following are a few statements given from the passage above. You have to check the answers from the passage and write them correctly.
#1. The ____________ was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle.
Answer: 1970s
#2. They stated that ‘health is a complete state of _______________, mental and social well-being
Answer: physical
#3. ____________ is a major resource for social, economic, and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life.
Answer: Good health
#4. Good health has been connected to the smooth _____________ of the body.
Answer: mechanical operation
#5. Improvement in ____________ requires a secure foundation in the basic requirements.
Answer: health
Question Number 2
Look at the statements below and after reading them, write TRUE or FALSE in front of them.
TRUE – If the statement agrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
FALSE – If the statement disagrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
#1. During the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks
Answer: TRUE
#2. The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion.
Answer: TRUE
#3. The meanings of health have changed over time.
Answer: TRUE
#4. At the Ottawa Conference in 2014, a charter was developed
Answer: FALSE
#5. In the late 1940s, the World Women Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health.
Answer: FALSE
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Conclusion
Hopefully, the importance and the pattern of the IELTS reading section are provided to you in the article. You need to focus on the passages to excel in the reading section. If you want to crack the IELTS exam, you have to be good at each genre and section of English.
The IELTS reading answers are a great portion where you can fetch high scores. If you think about migrating abroad to study or work, you need to be focused and passionate during the IELTS preparation.
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