The IELTS candidates look out for the passages to practice for their IELTS reading answers. It is important to do precise IELTS exam preparation in all the sections so that you don’t miss a chance to get the required scores to study in your chosen country. Here are the migrant and refugees’ IELTS reading answers for your IELTS exam.
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IELTS Reading Answers Part One
Today, one in every 50 human beings is a migrant worker, a refugee or asylum seeker, or an immigrant living in a foreign country. Current estimates by the United Nations and the International
The Organisation for Migration indicates that some 150 million people live temporarily or permanently outside their countries of origin (2.5% of the world population).
Part Two
Many of these, 80-97 million, are estimated to be migrant workers with members of their families. Another 12 million are refugees outside their country of origin. These figures do not include the estimated 20 million Internally Displaced Persons forcibly displaced from their own country, nor the tens of millions more internal migrants, mainly from rural to urban, in countries around the world.
Increasing ethnic and racial diversity in societies is the inevitable consequence of migration. Increasing migration means that a growing number of states have become or are becoming more multi-ethnic, and are confronted with the challenge of accommodating peoples of different cultures, races, religions, and languages. Addressing the reality of increased diversity means finding political, legal, social, and economic mechanisms to ensure mutual respect and mediate relations across differences.
But xenophobia and racism have become manifest in some societies which have received substantial numbers of immigrants, as workers or as asylum seekers. In those countries, the migrants have become the targets of internal disputes about national identity. In the last few decades, the emergence of new nation-states has often been accompanied by ethnic exclusion.
Part Three
As governments grapple with the new realities of their multi-ethnic societies, there has been a marked increase in discrimination and violence directed against migrants, refugees, and other non-national by extremist groups in many parts of the world.
The lack of any systematic documentation or research over time makes it unclear whether there is a real increase in the level of abuse or in the level of exposure and reporting.
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Part Four
Unfortunately, there is more than enough anecdotal evidence to show that violations of the human rights of migrants, refugees, and other non-nationals are so generalized, widespread, and commonplace that they are a defining feature of international migration today.
The extent of racial discrimination and xenophobia is often played down and sometimes denied by authorities. Racial discrimination is defined in international law as being: any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
Part Five
Racism and xenophobia are distinct phenomena, although they often overlap. While racism generally implies a distinction based on a difference in physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair type, facial features, etc, xenophobia denotes behavior specifically based on the perception that ‘the other’ is foreign to or originates from outside the community or nation.
By the standard dictionary definition, xenophobia is the intense dislike or fear of strangers or people from other countries. As a sociologist puts it, ‘xenophobia is an attitudinal orientation of hostility against non-natives in a given population.
Part Six
The definition of xenophobia and its differentiation from racism and racial discrimination is a still-evolving concept. One of the regional Preparatory Meetings for a recent World Conference suggested that:
Racism is an ideological construct that assigns a certain race and/or ethnic group to a position of power over others on the basis of physical and cultural attributes, as well as economic wealth, involving hierarchical relations where the superior race exercises domination and control over others.
Xenophobia describes attitudes, prejudices, and behavior that reject, exclude, and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners in the community, society, or with respect to national identity.
In many cases, it is difficult to distinguish between racism and xenophobia as motivations for behavior, since differences in physical characteristics are often assumed to distinguish a person from a common identity. However, manifestations of xenophobia occur against people of identical physical characteristics, even of shared ancestry, when such people arrive, return or migrate to states or areas where occupants consider them outsiders.
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Questions Related to IELTS Reading Passage
Question Number One
Following are a few statements given from the passage above. You have to check the answers from the passage and write them correctly.
#1. _____________ people are estimated to be migrant workers with members of their families.
Answer: 80-97 million
#2. ___________ is an attitudinal orientation of hostility against non-natives in a given population.
Answer: Xenophobia
#3. _____________is the intense dislike or fear of strangers or people from other countries.
Answer: Xenophobia
#4. The _____________ indicates that some 150 million people live temporarily or permanently outside their countries of origin.
Answer: Organisation for Migration
Question Number Two
Look at the statements below and after reading them, write TRUE or FALSE in front of them.
TRUE – If the statement agrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
FALSE – If the statement disagrees with the information that is given above in the passage.
#1. 12 million people are refugees outside their country of origin.
Answer: TRUE
#2. The extent of racial discrimination and xenophobia is often played down and sometimes denied by authorities.
Answer: TRUE
#3. The emergence of new nation-states has often been accompanied by ethnic exclusion.
Answer: TRUE
#4. One in every 100 human beings is a migrant worker
Answer: FALSE
Conclusion
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