The current passage on the Morse code reading answers is given in this article along with the questions and answers. Let’s prepare for the IELTS exam.
यह भी पढ़ें: एलर्जी परीक्षण आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: आईईएलटीएस परीक्षा की तैयारी के लिए अनुच्छेद देखें!
आईईएलटीएस उत्तर भाग एक पढ़ना
Morse code is being replaced by a new satellite-based system for sending distress calls at sea. Since 1992 countries around the world have been decommissioning their Morse equipment with similar (if less poetic) sign-offs, as the world’s shipping switches over to a new satellite-based arrangement, the Global Maritime Distress, and Safety System.
The final deadline for the switch-over to GMDSS is February 1st, a date that is widely seen as the end of an era. Although dots and dashes will not die out altogether — they will, for example, continue to be used by amateur radio operators, spies, and some members of the armed forces — the switch to GMDSS marks the end of the last significant international use of Morse.
भाग दो
The code has, however, had a good history. Appropriately for a technology commonly associated with radio operators on sinking ships, the idea of Morse code is said to have occurred to Samuel Morse while he was on board a ship crossing the Atlantic. At the time, Morse was a painter and occasional inventor, but when another of the ship’s passengers informed him of recent advances in electrical theory, Morse was suddenly taken with the idea of building an electric telegraph.
Other inventors had been trying to do just that for the best part of a century. Morse succeeded and is now remembered as the father of the telegraph partly thanks to his single-mindedness — it was 12 years, for example, before he secured money from Congress to build his first telegraph line — but also for technical reasons.
भाग तीन
Compared with rival electric telegraph designs, Morse’s design was very simple: it required little more than a ‘key’ (essentially, a spring-loaded switch) to send messages, a clicking ‘sounder’ to receive them, and a wire to link the two. But although Morse’s hardware was simple, there was a catch: in order to use his equipment, operators had to learn the special code of dots and dashes.
Originally, Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots and dashes to represent individual letters. His first code, sketched in his notebook during that transatlantic voyage, used dots and dashes to represent the digits 0 to 9. Morse’s idea was that messages would consist of strings of numbers corresponding to words and phrases in a special numbered dictionary.
But Morse later abandoned this scheme and, with the help of an associate, Alfred Vail, devised the Morse alphabet, which could be used to spell out messages a letter at a time in dots and dashes. At first, the need to learn this complicated-looking code made Morse’s telegraph seem impossibly tricky compared with other, more user-friendly designs. For example, Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph used five needles to pick out letters on a diamond-shaped grid. But although this meant that anyone could use it, it also required five wires between telegraph stations. Morse’s telegraph needed only one.
यह भी पढ़ें: प्रारंभिक दूरसंचार उपकरण उत्तर पढ़ना: 2023 के लिए आईईएलटीएस परीक्षा की तैयारी
भाग चार
As electric telegraphy took off in the early 1850s, the Morse telegraph quickly became dominant. It was adopted as the European standard in 1851, allowing direct connections between the telegraph networks of different countries. (Britain chose not to revise to allow for accents and other foreign more years) . By this time, Morse code had been involved, sticking with needle telegraphs for a few characters, resulting in a split between American and International Morse that continues to this day.
On international submarine cables, left and right swings of a light beam reflected from a tiny rotating mirror were used to represent dots and dashes. Meanwhile, a distinct telegraphic subculture was emerging, with its own customs and vocabulary and a hierarchy based on the speed at which operators could send and receive Morse code.
First-class operators, who could send and receive at speeds of up to 45 words a minute, handled press traffic, securing the best-paid jobs in big cities. At the bottom of the pile were slow, inexperienced rural operators, many of whom worked the wires as part-timers. As their Morse code improved, however, rural operators found that their newfound skill was a passport to better pay in a city job.
Telegraphers soon swelled the ranks of the emerging middle classes. Telegraphy was also deemed suitable work for women. By 1870, a third of the operators in the Western Union office in New York, the largest telegraph office in America, were female.
भाग पांच
In a dramatic ceremony in 1871, Morse himself said goodbye to the global community of telegraphers he had brought into being. By the time of his death in 1872, the world was well and truly wired: more than 650,000 miles of telegraph line and 30,000 miles of submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code, and 20,000 towns and villages were connected to the global network. Just as the Internet is today often called an ‘information superhighway,’ the telegraph was described in its day as an ‘instantaneous highway of thought.’
भाग छह
But by the 1890s, the Morse telegraph’s heyday as a cutting-edge technology was coming to an end, with the invention of the telephone and the rise of automatic telegraphs, precursors of the teleprinter, neither of which required specialist skills to operate. Morse code, however, was about to be given a new lease of life thanks to another new technology: wireless.
Following the invention of radiotelegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896, its potential for use at sea quickly became apparent. For the first time, ships could communicate with each other, and with the shore, whatever the weather and even when out of visual range. In 1897 Marconi successfully sent Morse code messages between a shore station and an Italian warship 19km (12 miles) away.
The first sea rescue after a distress call sent by the radiotelegraph took place in 1899 when a lightship in the Dover Straits reported the grounding of the Elbe, a steamship.
यह भी पढ़ें: बगीचों का संरक्षण आईईएलटीएस पढ़ना: आईईएलटीएस के लिए अभ्यास प्रश्न देखें!
आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज से संबंधित प्रश्न
सवाल नंबर एक
उपरोक्त परिच्छेद से कुछ कथन निम्नलिखित हैं। आपको गद्यांश से उत्तरों की जांच करनी होगी और उन्हें सही ढंग से लिखना होगा।
#1. More than ___________of telegraph line and 30,000 miles of submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code.
Answer: 650,000 miles
#2. In a dramatic ceremony in _________, Morse himself said goodbye to the global community of telegraphers
Answer: 1871
#3. Since ________ countries around the world have been decommissioning their Morse equipment
Answer: 1992
#4. 20,000 towns and villages were connected to the _________ network.
Answer: global
प्रश्न संख्या दो
नीचे दिए गए कथनों को देखें और उन्हें पढ़ने के बाद उनके सामने TRUE या FALSE लिखें।
सत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से सहमत है।
असत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से असहमत है।
#1. The telegraph was described in its day as an ‘instantaneous highway of thought.’
उत्तर: सत्य
#2. In 1997 Marconi successfully sent Morse code messages between a shore station and an Italian warship 21km away.
उत्तर: असत्य
#3. Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots and dashes to represent individual letters.
उत्तर: सत्य
#4. Morse code is being replaced by a new satellite-based system.
उत्तर: सत्य
निष्कर्ष
Hopefully, your IELTS exam preparation is effectively possible with the given information. You should visit the आईईएलटीएस निंजा website for more incredible IELTS exam details.
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