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यह भी पढ़ें: अग्निशमन और रोकथाम का इतिहास: आइए आईईएलटीएस पढ़ने वाले उत्तरों को देखें और उनका विश्लेषण करें
गरीबी और स्वास्थ्य आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना
आईईएलटीएस उत्तर भाग एक पढ़ना
Changes in concepts of health in Western society
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
भाग दो
Definition of health in medical terms
For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine.
Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation, and housing.
यह भी पढ़ें: होम्योपैथी रीडिंग उत्तर: आइए आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पार्ट की उत्कृष्ट तैयारी करें!
IELTS Reading Answers Part Three
A holistic approach to health
In the late 1940s, the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that ‘health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease’ (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/body/spirit) and not just in physical terms.
Healthy lifestyles approach to health
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individual. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase the risk of diseases, such as smoking, lack of fitness, and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted.
Creating health meant providing not only medical health care but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment, or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach.
This was large because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health largely ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.
IELTS Reading Answers Part Four
Socio-ecological view of health
During the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic, and environmental contexts in which people live.
This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. The broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa, Canada, where people from 38 countries agreed and declared that:
The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity. Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. (WHO, 1986)
यह भी पढ़ें: पक्षियों के प्रवास का रहस्य: इस आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग उत्तर विषय के उत्तर प्राप्त करें
भाग पांच
It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviours and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. Therefore, the creation of health must include addressing issues such as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation, and poor working conditions.
The social, economic, and environmental contexts which contribute to the creation of health do not operate separately or independently of each other. Rather, they are interacting and interdependent, and it is the complex interrelationships between them that determine the conditions that promote health.
A broad socio-ecological view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include a strong social, economic and environmental focus.
आईईएलटीएस उत्तर भाग छह पढ़ना
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:
Good health is a major resource for social, economic, and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural, and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)
The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion. It presents fundamental strategies and approaches in achieving health for all. The overall philosophy of health promotion which guides these fundamental strategies and approaches is one of ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO, 1986).
यह भी पढ़ें: मेडागास्कर में शिकार परफ्यूम: इस विषय के लिए आईईएलटीएस पढ़ने के उत्तर यहां प्राप्त करें
प्रश्न क्रमांक 1
उपरोक्त परिच्छेद से कुछ कथन निम्नलिखित हैं। आपको गद्यांश से उत्तरों की जांच करनी होगी और उन्हें सही ढंग से लिखना होगा।
#1. The ____________ was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle.
Answer: 1970s
#2. They stated that ‘health is a complete state of _______________, mental and social well-being
Answer: physical
#3. ____________ is a major resource for social, economic, and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life.
Answer: Good health
#4. Good health has been connected to the smooth _____________ of the body.
Answer: mechanical operation
#5. Improvement in ____________ requires a secure foundation in the basic requirements.
Answer: health
प्रश्न क्रमांक 2
नीचे दिए गए कथनों को देखें और उन्हें पढ़ने के बाद उनके सामने TRUE या FALSE लिखें।
सत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से सहमत है।
असत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से असहमत है।
#1. During the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks
उत्तर: सत्य
#2. The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion.
उत्तर: सत्य
#3. The meanings of health have changed over time.
उत्तर: सत्य
#4. At the Ottawa Conference in 2014, a charter was developed
उत्तर: असत्य
#5. In the late 1940s, the World Women Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health.
उत्तर: असत्य
यह भी पढ़ें: जब ट्यूलिप का बुलबुला फूटा: आइए शानदार प्रदर्शन के लिए आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग उत्तर पर एक नजर डालें!
निष्कर्ष
Hopefully, the importance and the pattern of the IELTS reading section are provided to you in the article. You need to focus on the passages to excel in the reading section. If you want to crack the IELTS exam, you have to be good at each genre and section of English.
The IELTS reading answers are a great portion where you can fetch high scores. If you think about migrating abroad to study or work, you need to be focused and passionate during the IELTS preparation.
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