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आईईएलटीएस उत्तर भाग एक पढ़ना
The Lumière Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1985. Before the eyes of the stunned, thrilled audience, photographs came to life and moved across a flat-screen.
So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images. But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality that has made films the most dynamic, effective art form of the 20th century.
One of the Lumière Brothers’ earliest films was a 30-second piece that showed a section of a railway platform flooded with sunshine. A train appears and heads straight for the camera. And that is all that happens. Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a ‘work of genius.
‘As the train approached,’ wrote Tarkovsky, ’panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them.’
भाग दो
Early cinema audiences often experienced the same confusion. In time, the idea of films became familiar, and the magic was accepted- but it never stopped being magic. The film has never lost its unique power to embrace its audience and transport them to a different world.
For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured.
One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. Cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like; they knew how other people worked and lived.
Overwhelmingly, the lives recorded at least in film fiction- have been American. From the earliest days of the industry, Hollywood has dominated the world film market. American imagery-the cars, the cities, and the cowboys became the primary imagery of the film. The film carried American life and values around the globe.
And, thanks to film, future generations will know the 20-th century more intimately than any other period. We can only imagine what life was like in the 14th century or in classical Rome. But the life of the modern world has been recorded on film in massive encyclopedic detail. We shall be known better than any preceding generations.
भाग तीन
The ‘star’ was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Film personalities have such an immediate presence that inevitably, they become super-real.
Because we watch them so closely and because everybody in the world seems to know who they are, they appear more real to us than we do ourselves. The star as a magnified human self is one of cinema’s most strange and enduring legacies.
Cinema has also given a new lease of life to the idea of the story. When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used.
All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement. Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away. It was no more than a passing gimmick, a fairground attraction.
यह भी पढ़ें: बत्तख और बत्तख के अंडे के आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: ऐसे अंश पढ़ना जो आपको आईईएलटीएस क्रैक करने में मदद करेंगे
भाग चार
Cinema might, for example, have become primarily a documentary form. Or it might have developed like television -as a strange noisy transfer of music, information, and narrative. But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories.
Originally these were conceived as short stories- early producers doubted the ability of audiences to concentrate for more than the length of a reel. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today.
And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw, and, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again -that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing, more real than reality.
यह भी पढ़ें: रैपिड पुलिस रिस्पांस आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग उत्तर: आइए आईईएलटीएस में रीडिंग सेक्शन के बारे में जानें!
आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज से संबंधित प्रश्न
सवाल नंबर एक
परिच्छेद से दिए गए कुछ कथन निम्नलिखित हैं ऊपर. आपको गद्यांश से उत्तरों की जांच करनी होगी और उन्हें सही ढंग से लिखना होगा।
#1. ____________ has dominated the world film market.
Answer: Hollywood.
#2. In 1912, an _________ 2-hour film was hugely successful.
Answer: Italian.
#3. Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a _____________.
Answer: ‘work of genius’
#4. The __________ was another natural consequence of cinema.
Answer: ‘star’
#5. The Lumière Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at _________________in Paris.
Answer: 14 Boulevard des Capucines
प्रश्न संख्या दो
नीचे दिए गए कथनों को देखें और उन्हें पढ़ने के बाद उनके सामने TRUE या FALSE लिखें।
सत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से सहमत है।
असत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से असहमत है।
#1. It is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled.
उत्तर: सत्य.
#2. One of the Lumière Brothers’ earliest films was a 30-second piece.
उत्तर: सत्य.
#3. The cinema star was effectively born in 1810.
उत्तर: असत्य.
#4. The Lumière Brothers opened their Cinematographe on December 8, 1985.
उत्तर: सत्य.
यह भी पढ़ें: मोज़ार्ट इफ़ेक्ट रीडिंग उत्तर: तैयारी और युक्तियों के साथ आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना
निष्कर्ष
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