संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में हवाई यातायात नियंत्रण: आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना और परीक्षा की तैयारी

IELTS, also known as the International English Language Testing System, lets the individual fulfil the many dreams that they have in their mind regarding moving out of their city and living in the place or country that they want to.

This examination plays an extremely important role in any individual’s life who wants to get a scholarship or have one and just want to move out to study in their favourite college or university.

Well, today we’ll be focusing on the reading part of this examination and with that, we will get to know what kind of passages are there and how are the questions being asked in this.

So, let’s get on a journey with this to know more about this.

आईईएलटीएस Reading Passage

Reading passages are usually long and comprehensive and that’s why they take time and many aspirants don’t know how to manage time in this section, not to worry because this article will talk about everything that will be needed and the main aspect of how to manage time will be discussed here.

This article will also glimpse you into the type of questions that will be asked in the reading section and how you should answer them. One should remember that while preparing, one should be focused and should have perseverance along with the right preparation and timetable.

यह भी पढ़ें: कंपनियों को अव्यवस्था का स्वागत क्यों करना चाहिए? अभ्यास के लिए एक आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना विषय

Air Traffic Control in the USA

This article talks about air traffic control in the USA which is one of the reading samples and questions from this topic have been asked in the IELTS examination before. Read this full article to know all about it.

Air Traffic Control in the USA – आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 1 

An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are also in place over much of the rest of the world.

Air Traffic Control in the USA आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 2 

Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC. The first region to have something approximating today’s ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.

Air Traffic Control in the USA आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 3 

In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America’s airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots’ margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.

Air Traffic Control in the USA IELTS Reading Passage Part 5

Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation’s airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.

Air Traffic Control in the USA आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 6

To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire United States. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace.

In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply.

Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.

Air Traffic Control in the USA आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 7

The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane’s instrument panel to fly safely.

On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot’s license that must also be held.

Air Traffic Control in the USA आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 8

Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The reason for the division of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes.

संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में हवाई यातायात नियंत्रण आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज Part 9

The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations.

For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.

Air Traffic Control in the USA: Questions and Answers 

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs 1 and 3-11 from the list below. Write the correct number i-x in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

I Disobeying FAA Regulations

ii Aviation disaster prompts action

iii Two coincidental developments

iv Setting Altitude Zones

v An oversimplified view

vi Controlling pilots’ licence

vii Defining airspace categories

viii Setting rules to weather conditions

ix Taking of Safety

x First step towards AT

जवाब

1.ii

2. iii

3. v

4. iv

5. viii

6. vii

प्रशन and Answers Part 2 

Do the subsequent assertions approve as true with the given evidence of the reading passage?

TRUE -if the statement agrees with the reasoning

FALSE-if the statement contradicts the reasoning

NOT GIVEN-if there’s no reasoning given on this

#The FAA was established as an outcome of the overture of the reaction-propulsion machine

उत्तर. असत्य

#Traffic control began after the Grand Canyon collision in 1956.

उत्तर. असत्य

#Beacons and flashing lights are still employed by the ATC today.

Ans. Not Given

#Some improvements were made in radio communication during war II.

उत्तर. सत्य

#Class F airspace is the kind that is below 365m and not near airlines or terminals.

उत्तर. सत्य

#All aircraft in school E airspace must use IFR.

उत्तर. असत्य

#An aviator joining class C airspace is hovering over an average-sized town.

उत्तर. सत्य

यह भी पढ़ें: फोलीज़ में एक बार: प्रश्न प्रकारों के साथ आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ने का एक दिलचस्प मार्ग

आईईएलटीएस Reading Exam 

Reading is the next fraction of the IELTS examination and carries 60 minutes. It comprises three or occasionally four reading paragraphs of gaining complication, and there is a sum of 40 questions to answer. However you can note and compose on the question paper, you must write your answers on the reading answer paper, and be conscious that no excess time is provided for submitting your answers from the test handout to the reading answer paper.

यह भी पढ़ें: आईईएलटीएस पढ़ने में विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्न: आईईएलटीएस प्रश्नों के बारे में आपको जो बातें पता होनी चाहिए

आईईएलटीएस Reading Preparation

These are some preparation tips that will help you with all the type of questions.

#Timing is key.

#Read the instructions carefully.

#Don’t panic.

#It’s really a vocabulary test.

#Don’t expect to understand every word.

यह भी पढ़ें: आईईएलटीएस स्पीकिंग भाग 3 प्रश्न और उत्तर: स्पीकिंग टेस्ट की तैयारी के लिए एक उचित मार्गदर्शिका

निष्कर्ष

Don’t be tensed on or before the test because that will only make you mentally weak, instead, every time make sure you are positive. If you have to ace the IELTS exam then you have to immerse yourself in the language. Remember, अंग्रेज़ी is a language not a subject so, it needs to be spoken, written, read and heard every day and you should surround yourself with it. All the best for your exam!

यह भी पढ़ें: आईईएलटीएस स्कोर को 1 बैंड तक सुधारने में कितना समय लगता है? हाई बैंड स्कोर के लिए 5 सर्वश्रेष्ठ पुस्तकें