एयर रेज आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: आइए आईईएलटीएस सीखने और तैयारी को उन्नत करें!

The average score achieved by Indians in the IELTS exam is 7. If you want to increase your band score, you should practice in different sections. Let’s check out the air rage IELTS reading answers from this article.

यह भी पढ़ें: Man or Machine Reading Answers: Let’s Enhance Your IELTS Preparation with Mock Tests

आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना

भाग एक

The first recorded case of an airline passenger turning seriously violent during a flight, a phenomenon now widely known as “air rage”, happened in 1947 on a flight from Havana to Miami. A drunk man assaulted another passenger and bit a flight attendant. However, the man escaped punishment because it was not then clear under whose legal control a crime committed on the plane was, the country where the plane was registered, or the country where the crime was committed. In 1963, at the Tokyo convention, it was decided that the laws of the country where the plane is registered take precedence.

भाग दो

The frequency of air rage has expanded out of proportion to the growth of air travel. Until recently few statistics were gathered about air rage, but those that have indicated that passengers are increasingly likely to cause trouble or engage in violent acts. For example, in 1998 there were 266 air rage incidents out of approximately four million passengers, a 400% increase from 1995.

In the same period, American Airlines showed a 200% rise. Air travel is predicted to rise by 5% internationally by 2010 leading to increased airport congestion. This, coupled with the flying public’s increased aggression, means that air rage may become a major issue in the coming years.

भाग तीन

Aside from discomfort and disruption, air rage poses some very real dangers to flying. The most extreme of these is when out-of-control passengers enter the cockpit. This has actually happened on a number of occasions, the worst of which have resulted in the death and injury of pilots or the intruder taking control of the plane, almost resulting in crashes.

In addition, berserk passengers sometimes attempt to open the emergency doors while in flight, putting the whole aircraft in danger. These are extreme examples and cases of air rage that more commonly result in physical assaults on fellow passengers and crew such as throwing objects, punching, stabbing, or scalding with hot coffee.

यह भी पढ़ें: भेड़िये कुत्ते और मनुष्य आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: आइए आईईएलटीएस निंजा के साथ आईईएलटीएस क्रैक करें

भाग चार

The causes of air rage are not known for certain, but it is generally thought that factors include: passenger behaviour and personality, the physical environment, and changes in society. A recent study has identified the issues that start the incidents to be as follows.

Alcohol                 25%

Seating                16%

Smoking               10%

Carry on luggage  9%

Flight attendants   8%

Food                     5%

भाग पांच

One of the major causes seems to be the passenger’s behavior or personality. Fear of flying and the feeling of powerlessness associated with flying can lead to irritable or aggressive passengers. Also, alcohol consumed on a plane pressurized to 8000ft affects the drinker more quickly and the effects are stronger.

Many people do not take account of this and drinking may increase any negative reaction to the flying environment they have, which, combined with the lowering of their inhibitions, may cause air rage. Smoking withdrawal, which some liken in severity to opiate withdrawal, is another major cause of air rage incidents.

Passengers caught smoking in the toilets occasionally assault flight attendants and have been known to start fires. When conflicts occur in these conditions, they can escalate into major incidents if the passenger has a violent personality or a fear of flying and because the enclosed nature of a plane offers no option of retreat as would be natural in a “fight or flight” reaction.

भाग छह

Some people feel that the physical environment of a plane can lead to air rage. Seats on most airlines have become smaller in recent years as airlines try to increase profits. This leads to uncomfortable and irritated passengers.

Also, space for carry-on luggage is often very small. Because up to 8% of checked-in luggage is lost, misdirected, or stolen, passengers have been trying to fit larger carry-on items into these small storage areas and this can lead to disputes that can escalate into air rage.

Airlines could also be to blame for raising passengers’ expectations too high with their marketing and advertising. Many air rage incidents start when disappointed passengers demand to be reseated. Finally, there is some evidence to show that low oxygen levels can raise aggression levels and make people feel more desperate. Airlines have lowered oxygen levels to save money. Now the level of oxygen in the air that the pilots breathe is ten times higher than in cabin class.

भाग सात

Another reason that has been suggested is that society is getting ruder and less patient. The increased congestion at airports, long queues, and increased delays have only added to this.

In addition, some air rage incidents have been linked to the demanding nature of high-achieving business people, who do not like people telling them what to do and resent the power that the cabin staff has over them. For them, a flight attendant is a waiter or waitress who should do what the passenger wants.

Part Eight

The strongest calls for action to control air rage have come from pilots and aircrew. The International Transport Workers’ Federation argues that there are too many loopholes that let people escape punishment and that the penalties are too light. They want to notify all passengers of the penalties for air rage before taking off, rather than after the passenger begins to cause serious problems, when it may be too late.

The Civil Aviation Organisation has been organizing international cooperation and penalties have increased in recent years. The most severe punishment so far has been a 51-month jail sentence, a fine to pay for the jet fuel used, and 200 hours of community service for a man who attempted to enter the cockpit and open the emergency door of a domestic US flight.

यह भी पढ़ें: एलर्जी परीक्षण आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: आईईएलटीएस परीक्षा की तैयारी के लिए अनुच्छेद देखें!

Part Nine

Various other measures are being used to control air rage. Aircrews are getting training on how to calm passengers and how to predict where incidents might result in air rage and take action to prevent this.

Other measures include strengthening doors to stop people from entering the cockpit, training crew in the use of plastic restraints to tie down unruly passengers, and having pilots divert their planes if passengers cause problems. Banning passengers who are guilty of air rage from flying has also been tried to a lesser extent.

आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज से संबंधित प्रश्न

सवाल नंबर एक

उपरोक्त परिच्छेद से कुछ कथन निम्नलिखित हैं। आपको गद्यांश से उत्तरों की जांच करनी होगी और उन्हें सही ढंग से लिखना होगा।

#1. Airlines have lowered ________ levels to save money.

Answer: Oxygen

#2. _____________ are getting training on how to calm passengers and how to predict where incidents might result in air rage and take action to prevent this.

Answer: Aircrews

#3. In ____________, at the Tokyo convention, it was decided that the laws of the country where the plane is registered take precedence.

Answer: 1963

#4. Alcohol consumed on a plane pressurized to ___________ affects the drinker more quickly and the effects are stronger.

Answer: 8000ft

#5. The ____________ has been organizing international cooperation and penalties have increased in recent years.

Answer: Civil Aviation Organisation

प्रश्न संख्या दो

नीचे दिए गए कथनों को देखें और उन्हें पढ़ने के बाद उनके सामने TRUE या FALSE लिखें।

सत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से सहमत है।

असत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से असहमत है।

#1. A flight attendant is a waiter or waitress who should do what the passenger wants.

उत्तर: सत्य

#2. The International Transport Workers’ Federation argues that there are too many loopholes that let people escape punishment and that the penalties are too light.

उत्तर: सत्य

#3. American Airlines didn’t show a 200% rise.

उत्तर: असत्य

#4. In 1998, there were 266 air rage incidents.

उत्तर: सत्य

#5. The frequency of air rage has expanded out of proportion to the growth of air travel.

उत्तर: सत्य

यह भी पढ़ें: प्रारंभिक दूरसंचार उपकरण उत्तर पढ़ना: 2023 के लिए आईईएलटीएस परीक्षा की तैयारी

निष्कर्ष

Let’s visit the आईईएलटीएस निंजा website to practice listening, writing, and speaking sections as well for the IELTS preparation.