पैरट एलेक्स उत्तर पढ़ना: आईईएलटीएस तैयारी मार्ग देखें!

Let’s get the privilege to prepare for the IELTS reading section perfectly from this passage. Go ahead to read the passage on the parrot Alex Reading answers. Also, practice on the given questions to be perfectly prepared to score well for the IELTS exam.

यह भी पढ़ें: उत्तर पढ़ने वाली प्रजाति के बारे में उल्लू रहस्य: 2022 की तैयारी के लिए आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना

आईईएलटीएस उत्तर भाग एक पढ़ना

In 1977 Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University did something very bold. At a time when animals still were considered automatons, she set out to find what was on another creature’s mind by talking to it.

She brought a one-year-old African grey parrot she named Alex into her lab to teach him to reproduce the sounds of the English language. “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.”

When Pepperberg began her dialogue with Alex, who died last September at the age of 31, many scientists believed animals were incapable of any thought. They were simply machines, robots programmed to react to stimuli but lacking the ability to think or feel.

Any pet owner would disagree. We see the love in our dogs’ eyes and know that, of course, they have thoughts and emotions. But such claims remain highly controversial. Gut instinct is not science, and it is all too easy to project human thoughts and feelings onto another creature.

How, then, does a scientist prove that an animal is capable of thinking – that it can acquire information about the world and act on it? “That’s why I started my studies with Alex,” Pepperberg said.

They were seated – she at her desk, he on top of his cage – in her lab, a windowless room about the size of a boxcar, at Brandeis University. Newspapers lined the floor; baskets of bright toys were stacked on the shelves. They were a team – and because of their work, the notion that animals can think is no longer so fanciful.

भाग दो

Certain skills are considered key signs of higher mental abilities: good memory, a grasp of grammar and symbols, self-awareness, understanding others’ motives, imitating others, and being creative.

Bit by bit, in ingenious experiments, researchers have documented these talents in other species, gradually chipping away at what we thought made human beings distinctive while offering a glimpse of where our abilities came from.

Scrub jays know that other jays are thieves and that stashed food can spoil; sheep can recognize faces; chimpanzees use a variety of tools to probe termite mounds and even use weapons to hunt small mammals; dolphins can imitate human postures; the archerfish, which stuns insects with a sudden blast of water, can learn how to aim its squirt simply by watching an experienced fish perform the task. Alex the parrot turned out to be a surprisingly good talker.

भाग तीन

Thirty years after Alex’s studies began; Pepperberg and a changing collection of assistants were still giving him English lessons. The humans, along with two younger parrots, also served as Alex’s flock, providing the social input all parrots crave. Like any flock, this one – as small as it was – had its share of drama.

Alex dominated his fellow parrots, acted huffy at times around Pepperberg, tolerated the other female humans, and fell to pieces over a male assistant who dropped by for a visit. Pepperberg bought Alex in a Chicago pet store where she let the store’s assistant pick him out because she didn’t want other scientists saying later that she’d particularly chosen an especially smart bird for her work. Given that Alex’s brain was the size of a shelled walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg’s interspecies communication study would be futile.

यह भी पढ़ें: Are We Managing to Destroy Science Reading Answers: IELTS Reading Passage for Preparation

भाग चार

“Some people called me crazy for trying this,” she said. “Scientists thought that chimpanzees were better subjects, although, of course, chimps can’t speak.” Chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas have been taught to use sign language and symbols to communicate with us, often with impressive results.

The bonobo Kanzi, for instance, carries his symbol-communication board with him so he can “talk” to his human researchers, and he has invented combinations of symbols to express his thoughts. Nevertheless, this is not the same thing as having an animal look up at you, open his mouth, and speak.

Under Pepperberg’s patient tutelage, Alex learned how to use his vocal tract to imitate almost one hundred English words, including the sounds for various foods, although he calls an apple a “beanery.” “Apples taste a little bit like bananas to him, and they look a little bit like cherries, Alex made up that word for them,” Pepperberg said.

It sounded a bit mad, the idea of a bird having lessons to practice, and willingly doing it. But after listening to and observing Alex, it was difficult to argue with Pepperberg’s explanation for his behaviours.

She wasn’t handing him treats for the repetitious work or rapping him on the claws to make him say the sounds. “He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly imitate them,” Pepperberg said, after pronouncing “seven” for Alex a good dozen times in a row. “I’m not trying to see if Alex can learn a human language,” she added. “That’s never been the point. My plan always was to use his imitative skills to get a better understanding of avian cognition.”

भाग पांच

In other words, because Alex was able to produce a close approximation of the sounds of some English words, Pepperberg could ask him questions about a bird’s basic understanding of the world. She couldn’t ask him what he was thinking about, but she could ask him about his knowledge of numbers, shapes, and colours.

To demonstrate, Pepperberg carried Alex on her arm to a tall wooden perch in the middle of the room. She then retrieved a green key and a small green cup from a basket on a shelf. She held up the two items to Alex’s eye. “What’s the same?” she asked. Without hesitation, Alex’s beak opened: “Color.” “What’s different?” Pepperberg asked.

“Shape,” Alex said. His voice had the digitized sound of a cartoon character. Since parrots lack lips (another reason it was difficult for Alex to pronounce some sounds, such as ba), the words seemed to come from the air around him, as if a ventriloquist were speaking. But the words – and what can only be called the thoughts – were entirely his.

भाग छह

For the next 20 minutes, Alex ran through his tests, distinguishing colours, shapes, sizes, and materials (wool versus wood versus metal). He did some simple arithmetic, such as counting the yellow toy blocks among a pile of mixed hues. And, then, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird’s brain, Alex spoke up. “Talk clearly!” he commanded, when one of the younger birds Pepperberg was also teaching talked with wrong pronunciation.

“Talk clearly!” “Don’t be a smart aleck,” Pepperberg said, shaking her head at him. “He knows all this, and he gets bored, so he interrupts the others, or he gives the wrong answer just to be obstinate. At this stage, he’s like a teenager; he’s moody, and I’m never sure what he’ll do.”

यह भी पढ़ें: रोमन टनल आईईएलटीएस उत्तर पढ़ना: आइए सटीकता के साथ गहन आईईएलटीएस तैयारी करें!

आईईएलटीएस रीडिंग पैसेज से संबंधित प्रश्न

सवाल नंबर एक

उपरोक्त परिच्छेद से कुछ कथन निम्नलिखित हैं। आपको गद्यांश से उत्तरों की जांच करनी होगी और उन्हें सही ढंग से लिखना होगा।

#1. When Pepperberg began her dialogue with Alex, who died last September at the age of __________, many scientists believed animals were incapable of any thought.

Answer: 31

#2. Under ____________ patient tutelage, Alex learned how to use his vocal tract to imitate almost one hundred English words.

Answer: Pepperberg’s

#3. For the next 20 minutes, __________ran through his tests, distinguishing colors, shapes, sizes, and materials

Answer: Alex

#4. ____________lined the floor; baskets of bright toys were stacked on the shelves.

Answer: Newspapers

प्रश्न संख्या दो

नीचे दिए गए कथनों को देखें और उन्हें पढ़ने के बाद उनके सामने TRUE या FALSE लिखें।

सत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से सहमत है।

असत्य - यदि कथन उपरोक्त परिच्छेद में दी गई जानकारी से असहमत है।

#1. Gut instinct is not science, and it is all too easy to project human thoughts and feelings onto another creature.

उत्तर: सत्य.

#2. To demonstrate, Pepperberg carried Alex on her arm to a tall wooden perch in the middle of the room.

उत्तर: सत्य

#3. In 1977, Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University, did something very bold.

उत्तर: सत्य

#4. Alex’s brain was not the size of a shelled walnut.

उत्तर: असत्य

यह भी पढ़ें: पृथ्वी से शक्ति आईईएलटीएस पढ़ने के उत्तर: आईईएलटीएस शैक्षणिक और सामान्य पढ़ने की तैयारी

निष्कर्ष

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